RAPORO KU KIRUNGA CYA NYIRAGONGO (UPDATE)

I. Intangiriro

Ibipimo byafashwe bikomeza kugaragaza ko ikirunga cya Nyiragongo kigaragaza imyitwarire idasanzwe guhera tariki 29/02/2016.

Iyi raporo igaragaza uburyo bune bukoreshwa mu gupima impinduka z’ibirunga bya Nyiragongo na Nyamuragira biri mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, ndetse bikaba byegereye Akarere ka Rubavu, mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda.

II. Seismology (imitingito n’impinduka zijyanye nayo)

Guhera tariki 29/02/2016, ibipimo byafashwe bigaragaza kwiyongera kw’imitingito ugereranije n’imitingito yagiye iba kuva igihe iki kirunga giheruka kuruka mu mwaka w’i 2002.

Stations zibika amakuru ajyanye n’imitingito isanzwe ituruka ku bitare biba mu nda y’isi (tectonic plates) zigaragaza ko imitingito yagiye yiyongera. Aya makuru aturuka kuri stations 6 ziri ahitwa Rusayo, Kibumba, Rumangabo, Tongo, Kichanga na Bobandana mu bufatanye n’abandi bashakashatsi ba European Centre of Geodynamics and Seismology.

II.1. Isesengura Makuru

Kwiyongera kw’imitingito mu kirunga cya Nyiragongo kugagara mu ndiba yacyo (crater) yuzuyemo igikoma cy’amazuku (lava) ifite uburebure bwa kirometero ebyiri z’ubujyakuzimu. Iyi mitingito ntiyumvikana gusa mu ndiba y’ikirunga, yagiye inumvikana ku kirunga ubwacyo. Bikaba bituruka ku mwenge (well) uri mu ndiba y’ikirunga uri kumena igikoma cy’amazuku mu ndiba nini isanzwe.

Isesengura makuru rigaragaza ko hari imitingito ikomeye yabaye tariki 1/3/2016, abacunga parike nabo bakaba barawumvise. Indi mitingito 8 nayo imashini zigaragaza ko 4 yabaye tariki 29/2/2016, indi ikaba tariki 1/3/2016 nkuko bigaragazwa n’ipica ya 1 iri hasi. Isesengura makuru nanone ryiyo mitingito rigaragaza ko yari kurugero ruri hagati ya 1 na 10 Hz (Ipica ya 2).

Iyi mitingito yose yaturutse ku mwenge wapfumutsemo igikoma cy’amazuku mu ndiba y’ikirunga, nkuko bigaragazwa n’ifoto ikurikira.

Photo ©OVG 12-03-2016

Ibimenyetso bidasanzwe bibera mu kirunga bigaragaza ko hari urusukume ruri mu nda y’isi rugaragaza imbaraga zo kwinyagambura no gusohoka (magmatic movement).

Ibyo bimenyetso bidasanzwe byagaraye mu bihe bikurikira:

-      Tariki 29/2/2016: hagati ya 9h na 15h

-      Tariki 1/3/2016: hagati ya 3h22 na 17h32. Ku isaha ya 7h, ibimenyetso byariyongereye cyane.

-      Tariki 2/3/2016: hagati ya 8h na 13h

-      Tariki 10/3/2016: 10h na 13h

-      Tariki 11/3/2016 : hagati ya 0h na 2h, hagati ya 14h na 17h

-      Tariki 12/3/2016 : hagati ya 1h na 4h, hagati ya 7h na 15h

-      Tariki 13/3/2016: hagati ya 10h na 14h.

Ipica ya 1 : Hagati ya tariki 29/2/2016 na 1/3/2016, ifoto yerekana uburyo imitingito idasanzwe yumvikanye mu kirunga cya Nyiragongo

Ipica ya 2 : Isesengura ry’imbaraga umutingito wari ufite tariki 29/2/2016 kuri station ya Rusayo

Ipica ya 3 : Aho umutingito wumvikanye, kuruka kubera mu ndiba y’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo.

II.2. Umwanzuro

-          Habaye kwiyongera kw’imitingito ugereranije n’igihe ikirunga giheruka kuruka tariki 17/1/2002, bikaba bigaragara ku birunga byombi Nyiragongo na Nyamulagira.

-          Ikirunga cya Nyiragongo giteye akaga gakomeye ku baturage kubera inzira y’imitutu (fractures) iva mu kirunga yinjira mu mujyi wa Goma na Gisenyi kubera ko ishobora gusohokeramo igikoma cy’amazuku (lava) nkuko byagenze ubwo giheruka kuruka (1977 na 2002). Ingaruka ikomeye nuko igikoma cy’amazuku gishobora gucengera muriyo mitutu.

-          Ibarura ry’imitingito rigaragaza ko imitingito ryiyongereye cyane hagati ya tariki 29/2 na 01/3/2016, igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro.

-          Ikirunga kiracyari active (kiracyabira) kandi gishobora kugira impinduka igihe cyose maze kikaruka.

III. Geothermal (Gupima urugero ry’ubushyuhe n’imbaraga z’umuriro)

Hari stations 3 z’iri mu majyepfo y’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo zerekana urugero rw’ubushyuhe (temperature), iyi raporo irerekana impinduka zabaye guhera Mutarama 2016 kugeza 14/3/2016.

Na none yerekana impinduka z’imbaraga y’umuriro (energy) ikirunga cya Nyiragongo kigaragaza, guhera tariki 15/2/2015 kugeza 15/3/2016.

III.1. Impinduka z’urugero rw’ubushyuhe (temperature)

Site ya 1: BUGARURA

Site ya 2: MUGARA

 

Site ya 3: MUNIGI

III.2. Imbaraga z’umuriro ku Kirunga cya Nyiragongo guhera tariki 15/2 kugeza 15/3/2016

Guhera tariki 25/2 kugeza 15/3/2016, ikiyaga cy’igikoma cy’amazuku (lava lake) cyagaragaje imbaraga z’umuriro mwinshi uri hagati ya 1.4x10⁹ Watt. Ariko nta kidasanzwe cyagaragajwe na MODVOLC ku kirunga cya Nyirangongo muri ayo matariki.

III.3. Umwanzuro

-          Nta mpinduka zidasanzwe zabonetse zijyanye n’urugero rw’ubushyuhe ariko guhera mu kwezi kwa Mutarama kugeza Werurwe 2016 impinduka zariyongereye. Ibi nibyo bihamya ko kugeza ubu nta gikoma cy’amazuku kiracengera ngo cyinjire muri ya mitutu iva mu kirunga ijya mu mijyi ya Goma na Rubavu aribyo byatera ibibazo bikomeye ku baturage. Ikindi nuko muri iyi mitutu nta myotsi cyangwa umuriro urinjiramo.

-          Ifoto igaragaza imbaraga z’umuriro yerekana mu kirunga cya Nyiragongo yerekana ko kubira kw’ikirunga kwiyongereye imbere mu ndiba (crater) ku uru rugero (1,4 x 10⁹ Watt) ari nayo mpamvu no hanze yacyo humvikana icyokere.

IV. Geo-chemistry (Uburemere bw’ibyuka)

Amakuru asesenguye ku byuka bihumanya byoherezwa n’ikirunga cya Nyiragongo yo ku wa 14/3/2016 yerekana ko uburemere bw’ibyuka butahindutse cyane. Site zose zafatiweho ibipimo zigaragaza ko hamwe na hamwe uburemere bw’ibyuka bwamanutse kuri station ya Bugarura bujya hagati ya 1.3 na 1.9%.  Ibi nabyo byerekana ko nta mazuku arinjira mu mitutu.

IV. Geodesy (Impinduka mu butaka)

Ibipimo byafashwe bigaragaza impinduka zabaye (deformation) hagati ya -5mm na +17mm.

V. Umwanzuro

-      Ikirunga kiracyari active (kiracyabira mu ndiba yacyo) kandi gishobora kugira impinduka igihe cyose maze kikaruka.

-      Inzego zibishinzwe zagombye guhura zikaganira kuri iki kibazo kugira ngo tutazatungurwa.

-      Abegereye iki kirunga bagomba kwita ku mabwiriza y’ubuzima cyane bakoza imboga mbere yo kuziteka no kwirinda kunywa amazi y’imvura.

-      Turacyari mu ibara ry’umuhondo bisobanuye ko ikirunga gishobora kuruka ariko bitari vuba, abaturage bakomeza imirimo yabo nta bwoba.